Steak tartare with raw egg, capers and onions |
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| Dish details | |
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| Main ingredient(s) | raw beef |
Steak tartare is a meat dish made from finely chopped or minced raw beef.[1] Tartare can also be made by thinly slicing a high grade of meat such as strip steak, marinating it in wine or other spirits, spicing it to taste, and then chilling it. This is often served with onions, capers and seasonings (the latter typically incorporating fresh ground pepper and Worcestershire sauce), sometimes with a raw egg yolk, and often on rye bread.
Although less common than the completely raw variety, there is a French version of steak tartare called tartare aller-retour. It is a mound of mostly raw steak tartare that is lightly seared on one side of the patty.
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A popular legend is that the dish is named after the nomadic Tatar people of the Central Asian steppes who ate raw meat as they rode their horses because they did not have time to stop and cook. A variation of this story is that the meat was kept under the horse's saddles to be tenderized by the day's riding.
It was first served in French restaurants early in the 20th century. What is now generally known as "steak tartare" was then called steak à l'Americaine. Steak tartare was a variation on that dish; the 1921 edition of Escoffier's Le Guide Culinaire defines it as steak à l'Americaine made without egg yolk, served with tartar sauce on the side.
Over time, the distinction between steak à l'Americaine and its variant vanished. The 1938 edition of Larousse Gastronomique describes steak tartare as raw ground beef served with a raw egg yolk, without any mention of tartar sauce.
Health concerns have reduced the popularity of this meat dish in some parts of the world because of the danger of contamination by bacteria and parasites.[2] However, when basic hygienic rules are followed and fresh meat is used the risk is low.[3] It is not recommended for people who have a weakened immune system or suffer from a chronic illness. These individuals are at a greater risk of infection from E. coli and/or Salmonella.
Toxoplasma gondii and Taenia saginata are parasites that can possibly be found in raw beef.
Steak tartare is now regarded as a gourmet dish. It is especially popular in Italy, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Romania, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Nepal, Japan, and Switzerland.
In Belgium, steak tartare is served with fries. A variation of steak tartare, used normally as a sandwich spread, is known as “filet américain” (lit. american fillet) with onions and more seasoning than a normal steak tartare.
A variant of steak tartare called tartarmad is also present in Danish smørrebrød, where it is served on rugbrød (rye bread) with assorted toppings. In Germany, there is a very popular variant using raw minced pork called Mett or Hackepeter, which is typically served on rye bread or rolls, with the onions and pepper, but without capers or egg.
The Mexican version of steak tartare typically marinates the meat in lime juice, while the standard version is marinated in wine.
In Nepal, "Kachila" is popular among the Newar community however, buffalo meat is used instead of beef since cow slaughter is illegal. Raw minced buffalo meat is mixed with mustard oil, ground fennel seeds, minced garlic and spices to prepare this dish.
Korean cuisine features a dish of prepared raw beef called yukhoe. Chilean cuisine features a dish of prepared raw beef called crudos. Ethiopian cuisine features a very spicy dish of prepared raw beef called kitfo.
Raw-meat dishes are popular across the Levant; for instance, kibbeh nayyeh (كبة نية, kibbah nayyah) which incorporates raw lamb or beef with bulgur wheat, olive oil and spices, known as çiğ köfte (raw meat ball) in Turkey, is often considered to be a national dish of Lebanon and Syria.
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